Ms. Fariña, 70, the daughter of immigrants from Spain who fled the Franco regime in the 1930s, is a veteran of the city's school system, having served as a teacher, principal and superintendent of a Brooklyn school district. She retired as a deputy chancellor in 2006.
The choice reflected Mr. de Blasio's desire to depart radically from the educational policies of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, including his emphasis on data and his policy of shuttering low-performing schools.
As a principal and superintendent, Ms. Fariña gained a reputation as a stern manager. She worked briefly as a top official in the Education Department during the early years of the Bloomberg administration, overseeing teaching and learning, but departed amid philosophical differences.
Given its high profile, the schools job is arguably one of the most difficult positions in city government. The chancellor must run a large agency with a work force of teachers who have not had a contract in four years.
Mr. de Blasio will also benefit from Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's move to take control of the schools. Last year, when he was a Democrat in a crowded field of mayoral contenders, Mr. de Blasio said that candidates for chancellor should receive "serious public screening," criticizing the way Mr. Bloomberg had appointed Cathleen P. Black, a publishing executive, as chancellor in 2010. She resigned after three months on the job.
As the leader of the nation's largest school district, Ms. Fariña will also face a host of thorny issues, including calming tensions over a new set of academic standards, rolling out a plan to charge rent to charter schools, and negotiating a contract with the city's teachers' union, which is demanding billions of dollars in retroactive raises.
Mr. de Blasio has spoken often about his desire to break with several hallmarks of the Bloomberg era, including its support of charter schools. He has said he will decrease the emphasis on standardized testing and give more input to parents in decision-making.
Ms. Fariña shares Mr. de Blasio's skepticism of standardized testing and his focus on early education. As chancellor, she will help shape his proposal to expand access to preschool and after-school programs.
As the superintendent of District 15 in Brooklyn, Ms. Fariña formed a relationship with Mr. de Blasio when he was a member of the district's board, and has informed his thinking on education ever since.
The announcement was expected on Monday at William Alexander Middle School in Brooklyn.
Reached at her home late Sunday, Ms. Fariña declined to comment. Aides to Mr. de Blasio did not respond Sunday night to a request for comment.
Ms. Fariña brings to the office a deep knowledge New York City and its schools. In a 1999 interview, she recalled being the only Spanish-speaking student in kindergarten at St. Charles Borromeo, a parochial school in Brooklyn. She was marked absent by a teacher for six weeks because her teacher mispronounced her name.
Ms. Fariña initially resisted the prospect of being chancellor, saying publicly that she was content in retirement and eager to spend time with her grandchildren. But in recent weeks, Mr. de Blasio continued to prod her.
"Bill is a very persuasive person," Ms. Fariña said in an interview this month.
"My grandchildren are important to me," she added. "I spent a lot of years in the system. But I will do whatever the new mayor wants me to do."
The search for chancellor stretched on for almost two months. It was considered one of Mr. de Blasio's most important appointments, given the emphasis he placed on education during the mayoral bid, including his signature prekindergarten proposal.
But the process of picking a chancellor did not always appear easy. Several candidates withdrew from the process, including Kaya Henderson, chancellor of the schools in Washington, D.C. Other high-profile contenders included Joshua P. Starr, who leads Montgomery County Public Schools, and Kathleen M. Cashin, a longtime city educator and member of the Board of Regents.
Ms. Fariña has stood out throughout her career with her blunt style and egalitarian ideals.
She became known within the system as a principal at Public School 6 on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, drawing wealthy families into the school. In 2004, she was named a deputy chancellor, but departed two years later, uneasy about the growing use of student test scores to evaluate schools.
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