The Emeco Navy chair, left, and the Restoration Hardware version, originally called the Naval chair. More Photos »
THE Restoration Hardware showroom in the Flatiron district of Manhattan was a hive of activity last week, as lunchtime shoppers checked out furniture from the company's new fall collection.
Many of the pieces had familiar silhouettes. There was a stack of what looked like Series 7 chairs by the midcentury Danish designer Arne Jacobsen. Around a plain oak table sat a group of what appeared to be metal Tolix bistro chairs. And crouched like a pair of house cats were dead ringers for Mies van der Rohe's MR side chairs from the late 1920s.
Consumers familiar with these well-known pieces might have been pleasantly surprised by how cheap they were. A Series 7 chair usually sells for around $500; this one cost $79. But closer inspection revealed plastic pieces connecting the metal frame to the underside of the plywood seat. And if that weren't enough of a giveaway, a glance at the tag would have shown that the chair was called Magnus.
Magnus is, of course, a reproduction. For decades, lovers of modern furniture, balking at the cost of authorized versions, have settled for inexpensive knockoffs. And companies like Restoration Hardware have been eager to meet the demand. The showroom also carried versions of Jacobsen's Egg, Ant and Swan chairs, all with names that suggested midcentury Scandinavian origins and prices that defied them.
One ersatz classic you would not have found, however, was an aluminum chair that Restoration Hardware advertised in its catalogs and on its Web site. That piece, a copy of a 1940s chair originally designed for use on warships and submarines, was recently taken off the market, the company said. Coincidentally or not, this was around the time it became the subject of a lawsuit. (The company refused to comment for this article.)
On Oct. 1, lawyers for Emeco, a company based in Hanover, Pa., filed papers in district court in Northern California against Restoration Hardware and its former chief executive officer, Gary Friedman, for what they claimed was unauthorized reproduction of the Navy chair, which Emeco manufactures.
The aluminum chair, with its distinctive curved back supported by a trio of vertical struts, is at the core of Emeco's business. Once a utilitarian object that could be picked up for $5 at Army/Navy stores, it is now often found in chic hotels and professionally decorated homes. The chair is made by hand at the Emeco factory in Hanover with a proprietary process that gives it exceptional strength. It is guaranteed over its lifetime, which the company estimates to be 150 years.
The Emeco Navy chair costs $455, but the nearly identical chair Restoration Hardware promoted as the Naval chair was just $129.
Knockoffs are to many furniture manufacturers what lice are to the parents of elementary schoolchildren: a perennial problem, and one that is devilishly hard to eradicate. Legal protections exist in the form of trade dress and trademark rights, the design equivalent of copyright protection.
And furniture manufacturers exercise these rights routinely. One example, among many: In 2009, two furniture companies, Alan Heller and Blu Dot, independently sued Design Within Reach for the unauthorized reproduction of their designs, effectively reforming the way the retailer had been conducting business.
But the expense of taking such action is often considered counterproductive. Instead, many manufacturers simply tolerate the competition from lower-priced look-alikes and seek to educate their customers about the value of owning the authorized version of a particular design. The superior materials and construction, the thinking goes, lead to a longer product life, so spending more may be more cost-effective in the end. And, of course, original designs produced by authorized manufacturers carry the stamp of authenticity.
But tell that to the shopper with sophisticated taste, who is on a recessionary budget — the one who isn't so concerned that the Restoration Hardware Magnus chair's wood might be a little rough, and who isn't planning to duck under the seat anytime soon to inspect those fasteners. The very consumer who has helped transform Emeco's Navy chair from military surplus to style paragon has also developed an insatiable taste for Mies or Jacobsen, even if it's low-rent Mies or Jacobsen. Emeco and Restoration Hardware are vying for the soul of the same buyer.
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